non-metallic mining in Peru
mining cadastre, 121 companies are engaged in the exploitation of non-metal mineral is mostly small businesses which supply the local market, as is the case - for example - of the craft to produce sand and aggregates for construction.
With the exception of a few large firms, in 1997 there is an awareness of environmental problems or the consequences of any mining of nonmetallic mining sector.
Mining in Peru is governed by the General Mining Law, the Amended Text approved by Supreme Decree 014-92-EM. This legal provision rule mining as a whole, establishing its institutions and procedures. To exercise the mining activity is necessary to have a mining concession, the same is granted on a minimum area of \u200b\u200b100 ha (a grid) and a maximum area of \u200b\u200b1000 hectares (ten squares) bounded by UTM coordinates.
The maintenance grant is subject to the payment of the right of force. The mine is exerted jurisdiction for the Council on Mining and ultimate administration; the General Mining and regulatory and supervisory body and the public registry responsible for Mining and the granting of the mining concessions, the drafting of the Mining Cadastre and Registration Concession .
Investors and whether national or foreign individuals or legal entities have the same rights and obligations, except in those cases in which the case of areas located 50 km from the border line in the case of foreign investors.
When operating in a free market economy, companies can remit abroad their total profits, capital redemption and payment of licensing in technology transfer agreements.
water pollution hazard
fuel spills and other chemicals used in mining non-metallic
constitute a great danger. Machines and vehicles used in mines
represent also a danger in view of possible spills of fuels and lubricants
.
extraction in rivers and lakes is the highest risk because there
danger of fuel spills and other chemical compounds
be in direct contact with water.
nonmetallic mining has a strong impact on humans and the activities it performs. Common consequences of mining are
-
destruction of agricultural land -
changes in ethnic structure of the area -
changes in local tradition -
Phases of Projects and Environmental Controls
Each project includes in general three distinct phases:
1. prospecting, exploration and mine development.
This phase presents an EIA.
2. Farm
During the operational phase, the company must file a
Study Environmental Impact environmental management program, which must be
controlled by an external auditor.
3. Closure and Rehabilitation
After the exploitation of the deposit, the enterprise should run the corresponding
closure and rehabilitation plan.
These activities should be checked by the competent authority . demographic changes by improving infrastructure
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